[1] 1 vision Something like a dream used by God to speak to people.

[2] 1 Edom A country southeast of Judah. It is also known as Seir after the mountain range by that name in Edom. The Edomites are descendants of Esau, Jacob's twin brother. At times, they were enemies of the Israelites.

[3] 2 Edom A country southeast of Judah. It is also known as Seir after the mountain range by that name in Edom. The Edomites are descendants of Esau, Jacob's twin brother. At times, they were enemies of the Israelites.

[4] 8 Edom A country southeast of Judah. It is also known as Seir after the mountain range by that name in Edom. The Edomites are descendants of Esau, Jacob's twin brother. At times, they were enemies of the Israelites.

[5] 8 mountain of Esau That is, Mount Seir.

[6] 9 Teman One of Edom's important cities in the south, maybe its capital city.

[7] 10 Jacob Another name for Israel (see Gen. 32:24-28), ancestor of the people of Israel (also called Israelites and, later, Jews). He was the father of twelve sons from whom the twelve tribes of Israel descended.

[8] 11 lots Stones, sticks, or bones used like dice for making decisions. See Prov. 16:33.

[9] 12 laughed Literally, "looked" Also in verse 13.

[10] 12 bragged Literally, "made your mouth big."

[11] 16 spilled Literally, "drank."

[12] 16 holy mountain One of the mountains Jerusalem was built on. Sometimes Zion is used to mean Jerusalem itself. Also in verses 17, 21.

[13] 16 spill your blood Literally, "drink and swallow."

[14] 17 nation of Jacob Literally, "the house of Jacob." This could mean the people of Israel or only its leaders.

[15] 18 nation of Esau Literally, "the house of Esau."

[16] 19 Negev The desert area in the southern part of Judah.

[17] 20 Sepharad This is probably Spain.

[18] 21 Winners Or, "Saviors." Those who led their people to victory in war.

© Copyright 2004 World Bible Translation Center.