[1] 1:2 moved over The Hebrew word means "to fly over" or "to swoop down," like a bird flying over its nest to protect its babies.

[2] 1:3 Or, "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. While <2>the earth had no special shape, and darkness covered the ocean, and God's Spirit hovered over the water, <3>God said, 'Let there be light,' and there was light." Or, "When God began to create the sky and the earth, <2>while the earth was completely empty, and darkness covered the ocean, and a powerful wind blew over the water, <3>God said, 'Let there be light,' and there was light."

[3] 1:6 space Or, "firmament." The Hebrew word can refer to a piece of metal that has been hammered into the shape of a bowl.

[4] 1:14 special meetings The Israelites used the sun and moon to decide when the months and years began. Many Israelite festivals and special meetings began at the time of the new moon or full moon.

[5] 1:21 large sea animals Or, "sea monsters."

[6] 1:26 humans The Hebrew word means "man," "people," or the name "Adam." It is like the word meaning, "earth" or "red clay."

[7] 1:26 Now let's make . like us Or, "Now let's make humans in our image and in our likeness."

[8] 1:27 So God created humans . himself Or, "So God created them in his image. In the image of God he created them." Compare Gen. 5:1, 3.

[9] 2:3 holy Set apart or chosen for a special use; especially, belonging to God or used only for him. Also, pure or perfect, worthy of God and fit for his service. In the New Testament God's people are holy because they have been made pure through Christ and, with the help of the Holy Spirit, keep themselves from sin and live only for God.

[10] 2:6 water Or, "a mist."

[11] 2:7 man The Hebrew word means "man," "people," or the name "Adam." It is like the word meaning, "earth" or "red clay."

[12] 2:8 East This usually means the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers as far east as the Persian Gulf.

[13] 2:11 Havilah The land along the west coast of the Arabian peninsula and possibly, the part of Africa south of Ethiopia.

[14] 2:12 bdellium An expensive, sweet-smelling gum.

[15] 2:12 onyx A precious stone with layers of blue or gray.

[16] 2:13 Cush Usually this means Ethiopia, but here, it probably refers to the area north and east of the Tigris River.

[17] 2:14 Tigris One of the two large rivers that flow through the countries of Babylonia and Assyria.

[18] 2:14 Euphrates One of the two large rivers flowing through the countries of Babylonia and Assyria.

[19] 3:16 You will . over you Or, "You will want to rule your husband, but he will rule over you." In Hebrew this is like the last part of Gen. 4:7.

[20] 3:17 curse To ask for bad things to happen to a person or thing. As a noun it is a request for or warning about bad things to come.

[21] 3:18 See Gen. 1:28-29.

[22] 3:20 Adam This name means "man" or "people." It is like the word meaning "earth" or "red clay."

[23] 3:20 Eve This name is like the Hebrew word meaning "life."

[24] 3:24 Cherub angels Winged beings like angels that serve God, usually as guards around his throne or other holy places. Two statues of these beings were on the cover of the Box of the Agreement that represented God's presence. See Ex. 25:10-22.

[25] 4:1 Cain This is like the Hebrew word meaning "make" or "get."

[26] 4:3-4 At harvest time Literally, "at the end of days."

[27] 4:3-4 He chose . from them Literally, "He brought some of his firstborn sheep, especially their fat."

[28] 4:7 But if you . control it Or, "But if you don't do right, sin is crouching at your door. It wants you, but you must rule over it."

[29] 4:8 Let's go . field This sentence is found in the ancient versions but not in the Hebrew text.

[30] 4:16 Nod This name means "wandering."

[31] 4:20 father This probably means that this man invented these things or was the first one to use them.

[32] 4:25 Seth This is like a Hebrew word meaning "to give."

[33] 4:26 people . the Lord Literally, "people began calling on the name Yahweh."

[34] 5:1 Adam This name means "man" or "people." It is like the word meaning "earth" or "red clay."

[35] 5:1 When God . like himself Literally, "He made him in the image of God." See Gen. 1:27; 5:3.

[36] 5:2 humans The Hebrew word means "Adam," "man," or "people."

[37] 5:3 he had . like Adam Or, "he fathered a son in his image and likeness." In Hebrew this is like Gen. 1:27; 5:1.

[38] 5:24 Or, "Enoch pleased God. Enoch disappeared. God took him."

[39] 5:29 Noah This name is like the Hebrew word meaning "to rest," "to be sorry," or "comfort."

[40] 6:1-4 People . 120 years Or, "The spirit from me will not live in people forever, because they are flesh. They will live only 120 years." Or, "My Spirit will not judge people forever, because they will all die in 120 years."

[41] 6:1-4 Nephilim A kind of superhuman race that appeared before the flood. Sometimes translated "giants," the name might come from a Hebrew word meaning "people who have fallen." Later, the Nephilim were a famous family whose men were tall and powerful fighters. See Gen. 6:2-4; Num. 13:32-33.

[42] 6:14 cypress wood In Hebrew, gopher timbers. We do not know exactly what kind of wood this is. It might be a kind of tree or squared timbers.

[43] 6:14 Make rooms in the boat Or, "Make caulking for the boat." This could be small plants that were stuffed into the cracks and covered with tar.

[44] 6:14 tar Or "pitch," a thick oil that must be heated to become liquid and that is used to seal the boards with which ships are built.

[45] 6:15 300 cubits 437' 1/8" (133 m) if this was the short cubit or 510' 1 13/16" (155.5 m) if it was the long cubit.

[46] 6:15 50 cubits 72' 10" (22.2 m) if this was the short cubit or 85' 5/16" (25.92 m) if it was the long cubit.

[47] 6:15 30 cubits 43' 8 7/16" (13.3 m) if this was the short cubit or 51' 3/16" (15.55 m) if it was the long cubit.

[48] 6:16 1 cubit 17 1/2" (44.4 cm) if this was the short cubit or 20 5/8" (51.83 cm) if it was the long cubit.

[49] 6:16 Make a window . below the roof Or, "Make an opening for the boat about 18 inches tall."

[50] 7:2 clean animal Birds and animals that God said could be used for sacrifices. Also in verse 8.

[51] 7:20 20 feet Literally, "15 cubits" which would be 21' 10 3/16" (6.66 m) if this was the short cubit or 25' 6 1/16" (7.77 m) if it was the long cubit.

[52] 8:3-4 Ararat The ancient country of Urartu, an area in eastern Turkey.

[53] 8:13 opened the door Literally, "removed the covering."

[54] 8:20 altar A raised area, pile of stones, or table where sacrifices were offered as gifts to God. An important altar was the one in front of the Temple in Jerusalem. See also "golden altar."

[55] 8:20 clean birds . animals Birds and animals that God said could be used for sacrifices.

[56] 9:20 vineyard A garden or farm where grapes are grown.

[57] 9:25 Canaan Ham's son. The people of Canaan lived along the coast of Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria. Later, God gave this land to the Israelites.

[58] 10:4 Dodanim Or, "Rodanim, the people of Rhodes."

[59] 10:6 Cush Another name for Ethiopia.

[60] 10:6 Mizraim Another name for Egypt. Also in verse 13.

[61] 10:21 One . Hebrew people Literally, "To Shem was born the father of Eber's sons."

[62] 10:25 Peleg This name means "division."

[63] 10:30 East This usually means the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers as far east as the Persian Gulf. Also in 11:2.

[64] 11:3 tar Or "pitch," a thick oil that must be heated to become liquid and that is used to seal the boards with which ships are built.

[65] 11:9 Babel Or, "Babylon." This is like a word meaning "confuse."

[66] 11:28 Ur of Babylonia Literally, "Ur of the Chaldeans." A city in southern Babylonia. Also in verse 31.

[67] 12:3 curse To ask for bad things to happen to a person or thing. As a noun it is a request for or warning about bad things to come.

[68] 12:7 The Lord appeared God often used special shapes so that people could see him. Sometimes he was like a man, an angel, a fire, or a bright light.

[69] 12:7 altar A raised area, pile of stones, or table where sacrifices were offered as gifts to God. An important altar was the one in front of the Temple in Jerusalem. See also "golden altar."

[70] 12:8 Ruins Or, "Ai."

[71] 12:9 Negev The desert area in the southern part of Judah.

[72] 13:1 Negev The desert area in the southern part of Judah.

[73] 13:3 Ruins Or, "Ai."

[74] 13:4 altar A raised area, pile of stones, or table where sacrifices were offered as gifts to God. An important altar was the one in front of the Temple in Jerusalem. See also "golden altar."

[75] 13:18 altar A raised area, pile of stones, or table where sacrifices were offered as gifts to God. An important altar was the one in front of the Temple in Jerusalem. See also "golden altar."

[76] 14:6 Seir That is, "Edom."

[77] 14:6 El Paran Probably the town Elath, at the southern tip of Israel near the Red Sea.

[78] 14:8 Valley of Siddim The valley or plain along the eastern or southeastern side of the Dead Sea.

[79] 14:10 tar Or "pitch," a thick oil that must be heated to become liquid and that is used to seal the boards with which ships are built.

[80] 14:13 Mamre . Aner Literally, "Mamre . was a brother of Eshcol and a brother of Aner."

[81] 15:1 vision Something like a dream used by God to speak to people.

[82] 15:7 Ur of Babylonia Literally, "Ur of the Chaldeans." A city in southern Babylonia.

[83] 15:17 firepot A clay pot in which burning coals were placed to be used for starting new fires.

[84] 15:17 passed between . animals This showed that God "signed" or "sealed" the agreement he made with Abram. People showed that they were sincere in making an agreement by walking between the parts of animals that had been cut into pieces and saying something like, "May this same thing happen to me if I don't keep the agreement."

[85] 15:18 River of Egypt That is, the stream called "Wadi El-Arish."

[86] 16:11 Ishmael This name means "God hears."

[87] 16:14 Beer Lahai Roi This means "The well of the Living One who sees me."

[88] 17:1 God All-Powerful Literally, "El Shaddai."

[89] 17:5 Abram This means "honored father."

[90] 17:5 Abraham This means "great father" or "father of many."

[91] 17:10 circumcise, circumcision Cutting off the foreskin of the male sex organ, which was done to every Jewish baby boy. It was a mark of the agreement God made with Abraham. Read Gen. 17:9-14.

[92] 17:14 cut off from his people This means he must be separated from his family and lose his share of the inheritance.

[93] 17:15 Sarai A name, probably Aramaic, meaning "princess."

[94] 17:15 Sarah A Hebrew name meaning "princess."

[95] 17:19 Isaac This name means "he laughs" or "he is happy."

[96] 17:24 circumcise, circumcision Cutting off the foreskin of the male sex organ, which was done to every Jewish baby boy. It was a mark of the agreement God made with Abraham. Read Gen. 17:9-14.

[97] 18:3 Sirs This Hebrew word can mean "sirs" or "Lord." This might show that these were not ordinary men.

[98] 19:8 I must protect them Whoever invited a traveler in as a guest was also promising to protect the traveler.

[99] 19:22 Zoar This name means "small."

[100] 19:28 furnace Or "kiln," an oven for baking bricks to make them hard.

[101] 19:37 Moab In Hebrew this name sounds like "from father."

[102] 19:37 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[103] 19:38 Ben-Ammi In Hebrew this name sounds like "son of my father" or "son of my people."

[104] 20:1 Negev The desert area in the southern part of Judah.

[105] 20:7 prophet A person who speaks a message from God. Many of the books in the Old Testament are messages spoken or written by "the prophets," who were some of those God chose to speak for him. God often used dreams or visions to tell or show his prophets what they should say.

[106] 21:3 Isaac This name means "he laughs" or "he is happy."

[107] 21:4 circumcise, circumcision Cutting off the foreskin of the male sex organ, which was done to every Jewish baby boy. It was a mark of the agreement God made with Abraham. Read Gen. 17:9-14.

[108] 21:28 seven The Hebrew word for "seven" is like the Hebrew word for "oath" or "promise," and it is like the last part of the name Beersheba. The seven animals were proof of this promise.

[109] 21:31 Beersheba This name means "well of the oath."

[110] 22:2 sacrifice To offer a gift to God as an expression of worship, thanksgiving, or payment for sin. Also, the gift that is offered. In the Old Testament it was usually a special animal that was killed and burned on an altar. The Old Testament sacrifices offered for sins were symbolic of the perfect sacrifice that God himself would provide through Jesus Christ. Jesus gave his own life as a sacrifice to pay for the sins of all people. See Hebrews 10:1-14.

[111] 22:2 burnt offering A gift to God. Usually these were animals that were killed and completely burned on the altar.

[112] 22:9 altar A raised area, pile of stones, or table where sacrifices were offered as gifts to God. An important altar was the one in front of the Temple in Jerusalem. See also "golden altar."

[113] 22:13 sacrifice To offer a gift to God as an expression of worship, thanksgiving, or payment for sin. Also, the gift that is offered. In the Old Testament it was usually a special animal that was killed and burned on an altar. The Old Testament sacrifices offered for sins were symbolic of the perfect sacrifice that God himself would provide through Jesus Christ. Jesus gave his own life as a sacrifice to pay for the sins of all people. See Hebrews 10:1-14.

[114] 22:14 Yahweh Yireh Or, "Jehovah Jireh." This means "the Lord sees" or "the Lord gives."

[115] 22:14 On this mountain . seen Or, "On the mountain of the Lord, he will give us what we need."

[116] 22:24 slave woman Or "concubine," a woman who was owned by a man and treated like a wife.

[117] 23:6 great leader Literally, "God's prince."

[118] 23:15 Ten pounds Literally, "400 shekels" (4.6 kg). Also in verse 16.

[119] 23:16 Abraham understood . the land Literally, "Abraham heard."

[120] 23:16 merchant Someone who earns their living by buying and selling things. Here, this is probably a person who was helping Abraham and Ephron write the contract in verses 17 and 18.

[121] 24:2 Put your hand under my leg This was a sign of a very important promise that Abraham trusted his servant to keep.

[122] 24:22 1/4 ounce Literally, "1 beka" (5.75g).

[123] 24:22 2 ounces Literally, "5 measures" (57.5g).

[124] 24:31 Sir, you are welcome to come in Literally, "Come in, blessed of the Lord!"

[125] 24:62 Negev The desert area in the southern part of Judah.

[126] 24:63 think Or, "to go for a walk."

[127] 25:3 Asshur Or, "Assyria."

[128] 25:5-6 slave woman Or "concubine," a woman who was owned by a man and treated like a wife.

[129] 25:5-6 East This usually means the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers as far east as the Persian Gulf.

[130] 25:18 attacked his brothers' people See Gen. 16:12. This could also mean, "He fell (settled) alongside all his brothers."

[131] 25:25 Esau This name is like the word meaning "hairy."

[132] 25:26 Jacob This name is like the Hebrew word meaning "heel." It also means "the one who follows" or "tricky."

[133] 25:30 Red Literally, "Edom," a name that means "red."

[134] 25:31 rights as the firstborn son Usually, after the father died, the firstborn son got half of the father's property and became the new head of the family. Also in verse 34.

[135] 25:33 oath A strong declaration that one will tell the truth or keep a promise, often using the name of God or something else known to be real or important.

[136] 25:34 lentil A type of bean.

[137] 26:1 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[138] 26:4 descendants Or, "Descendant." See Gal. 3:16.

[139] 26:19 fresh water Or, "an underground stream." Literally, "living water."

[140] 26:20 Esek This means "argument" or "fight."

[141] 26:21 Sitnah This means "hatred" or "being an enemy."

[142] 26:22 Rehoboth This means "open place" or "crossroads."

[143] 26:31 vow A very strong promise that a person makes, sometimes to God and often using the name of God or something else known to be real or important.

[144] 26:33 Shibah A Hebrew word meaning "seven" or "oath."

[145] 26:33 Beersheba This name means "well of the oath."

[146] 27:12 curse To ask for bad things to happen to a person or thing. As a noun it is a request for or warning about bad things to come.

[147] 27:29 curse To ask for bad things to happen to a person or thing. As a noun it is a request for or warning about bad things to come.

[148] 27:36 Jacob This name is like the Hebrew word meaning "heel." It also means "the one who follows" or "tricky."

[149] 27:36 rights as the firstborn son Usually, after the father died, the firstborn son got half of the father's property and became the new head of the family.

[150] 28:3 God All-Powerful Literally, "El Shaddai."

[151] 28:19 Bethel A town in Israel. This name means "God's house."

[152] 28:22 holy Set apart or chosen for a special use; especially, belonging to God or used only for him. Also, pure or perfect, worthy of God and fit for his service. In the New Testament God's people are holy because they have been made pure through Christ and, with the help of the Holy Spirit, keep themselves from sin and live only for God.

[153] 29:17 Leah's eyes were gentle This might be a polite way of saying Leah was not very pretty.

[154] 29:32 Reuben This is like the word meaning "Look, a son."

[155] 29:33 Simeon This is like the word meaning "He hears."

[156] 29:34 Levi This is like the word meaning "accompany," "be joined together," or "become close."

[157] 29:35 Judah This is like the word meaning "He is praised."

[158] 30:3 she will have a child for me Literally, "she will give birth on my knees, and I, too, will have a son through her."

[159] 30:6 Dan This is like the Hebrew word meaning "to decide" or "to judge."

[160] 30:8 Naphtali This is like the word meaning "my struggle."

[161] 30:11 Gad This is like the word meaning "lucky" or "fortunate."

[162] 30:13 Asher This is like the word meaning "blessed" or "happy."

[163] 30:14 special flowers Or, "mandrakes." The Hebrew word means "love plant." People thought these plants could help women have babies.

[164] 30:18 Issachar This is like the word meaning "reward" or "salary."

[165] 30:20 Zebulun This is like the word meaning "praise" or "honor."

[166] 30:23-24 Joseph This is like the word meaning "to add," "collect," or "gather."

[167] 30:27 know Or, "guessed," "divined," or "concluded."

[168] 31:3 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[169] 31:42 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[170] 31:42 Fear of Isaac A name for God.

[171] 31:47 Yegar Sahadutha Aramaic words meaning "rock pile of the agreement."

[172] 31:47 Galeed Another name for Gilead. This Hebrew name means "rock pile of the agreement."

[173] 31:49 Mizpah This means "a place to watch from."

[174] 31:53 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[175] 31:54 sacrifice To offer a gift to God as an expression of worship, thanksgiving, or payment for sin. Also, the gift that is offered. In the Old Testament it was usually a special animal that was killed and burned on an altar. The Old Testament sacrifices offered for sins were symbolic of the perfect sacrifice that God himself would provide through Jesus Christ. Jesus gave his own life as a sacrifice to pay for the sins of all people. See Hebrews 10:1-14.

[176] 32:2 Mahanaim This name means "two camps."

[177] 32:3 Edom A country southeast of Judah. It is also known as Seir after the mountain range by that name in Edom. The Edomites are descendants of Esau, Jacob's twin brother. At times, they were enemies of the Israelites.

[178] 32:28 Israel This name might mean "he fights for God," "he fights with God," or "God fights."

[179] 32:30 Peniel A name that means "the face of God."

[180] 33:17 Succoth A town east of the Jordan River. This name means "temporary shelters."

[181] 33:20 El A Hebrew name for God.

[182] 34:12 gift Or, "dowry." Here, the money a man paid for a wife.

[183] 34:14 circumcise, circumcision Cutting off the foreskin of the male sex organ, which was done to every Jewish baby boy. It was a mark of the agreement God made with Abraham. Read Gen. 17:9-14.

[184] 34:22 circumcise, circumcision Cutting off the foreskin of the male sex organ, which was done to every Jewish baby boy. It was a mark of the agreement God made with Abraham. Read Gen. 17:9-14.

[185] 35:1 Bethel A town in Israel. This name means "God's house."

[186] 35:1 El A Hebrew name for God.

[187] 35:7 altar A raised area, pile of stones, or table where sacrifices were offered as gifts to God. An important altar was the one in front of the Temple in Jerusalem. See also "golden altar."

[188] 35:7 El Bethel A name that means, "God at Bethel."

[189] 35:8 Allon Bacuth This name means "the oak tree of sadness."

[190] 35:10 Israel This name might mean "he fights for God," "he fights with God," or "God fights."

[191] 35:11 God All-Powerful Literally, "El Shaddai."

[192] 35:14-15 memorial stone A stone that was set up to help people remember something special. In ancient Israel, people often set up stones at places where they worshiped false gods.

[193] 35:14-15 holy Set apart or chosen for a special use; especially, belonging to God or used only for him. Also, pure or perfect, worthy of God and fit for his service. In the New Testament God's people are holy because they have been made pure through Christ and, with the help of the Holy Spirit, keep themselves from sin and live only for God.

[194] 35:18 Benoni This name means "son of my suffering."

[195] 35:18 Benjamin This name means "right-hand" or "favorite son."

[196] 35:21 Israel Another name for Jacob. See Gen. 32:28.

[197] 35:21 Eder tower Or, "Migdal Eder."

[198] 35:22 slave woman Or "concubine," a woman who was owned by a man and treated like a wife.

[199] 35:23 firstborn The first child born into a family. The first son was very important in ancient times and became the head of the family at the father's death. It can also mean a person of special importance.

[200] 36:6-8 Seir A mountain range in Edom.

[201] 36:9 Edom A country southeast of Judah. It is also known as Seir after the mountain range by that name in Edom. The Edomites are descendants of Esau, Jacob's twin brother. At times, they were enemies of the Israelites.

[202] 36:12 slave woman Or "concubine," a woman who was owned by a man and treated like a wife.

[203] 36:19 Esau . Edom Two names for the man Esau and the country Edom.

[204] 36:22 Heman Or, "Homam."

[205] 36:39 Hadad Or, "Hadar."

[206] 37:3 Israel Another name for Jacob. See Gen. 32:28.

[207] 37:3 beautiful The Hebrew means "striped," or possibly, "many colored."

[208] 37:25 traders Literally, "Ishmaelites."

[209] 37:35 I will be sorry . die Literally, "I will go down to my son in Sheol (the place of death) in sadness."

[210] 38:8 Go and sleep . wife In Israel if a man died without children, one of his brothers would take the widow. If a child was born, it would be considered the dead man's child.

[211] 38:18 seal . string People wrote a contract, folded it, tied it with string, put wax or clay on the string, and pressed the seal onto it to seal it. This was like signing the agreement. Also in verse 25.

[212] 38:29 Perez This name is like the word meaning "to break out."

[213] 38:30 Zerah This name is like the word meaning "bright."

[214] 39:1 traders Literally, "Ishmaelites."

[215] 41:30 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[216] 41:43 Or, "Then Pharaoh had Joseph ride in the chariot of his second-in-command, and they said, 'Bow before Joseph.' In this way Joseph became the governor over all of Egypt."

[217] 41:45 Zaphenath Paneah This Egyptian name probably means "sustainer of life," but it is like Hebrew words meaning "a person who explains secret things."

[218] 41:51 Manasseh This is like the Hebrew word meaning "to forget."

[219] 41:52 Ephraim This is like the Hebrew word meaning "twice fruitful."

[220] 41:55 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[221] 42:1 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[222] 42:4 full brother Literally, "brother." Joseph and Benjamin had the same mother.

[223] 42:5 Israel Another name for Jacob. See Gen. 32:28.

[224] 42:38 grave Or, "Sheol," the place of death.

[225] 43:1 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[226] 43:6 Israel Another name for Jacob. See Gen. 32:28.

[227] 43:11 gum and myrrh The sap from certain plants. This was used to make expensive perfumes and incense.

[228] 43:32 The Egyptians . Hebrews The Egyptians would not eat with them because they were shepherds and ate meat from cows, sheep, and goats. To the Egyptians, these animals represented some of their gods. See Gen. 46:34.

[229] 45:6 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[230] 46:1 Israel Another name for Jacob. See Gen. 32:28.

[231] 46:1 sacrifice To offer a gift to God as an expression of worship, thanksgiving, or payment for sin. Also, the gift that is offered. In the Old Testament it was usually a special animal that was killed and burned on an altar. The Old Testament sacrifices offered for sins were symbolic of the perfect sacrifice that God himself would provide through Jesus Christ. Jesus gave his own life as a sacrifice to pay for the sins of all people. See Hebrews 10:1-14.

[232] 46:8 Israel Another name for Jacob. This name means "he fights for God" or "he fights with God." See Gen. 32:28.

[233] 46:34 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[234] 47:3 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[235] 47:4 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[236] 47:13 famine A time when there is not enough rain for crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

[237] 47:27 Israel Another name for Jacob. See Gen. 32:28.

[238] 47:29 put your hand . make a promise This was a sign of a very important promise that Jacob trusted Joseph to keep.

[239] 47:30 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[240] 47:31 Then Israel . on the bed Or, "Then Israel bowed down at the head of his bed" or "Then Israel worshiped on the head of the staff."

[241] 48:14 firstborn The first child born into a family. The first son was very important in ancient times and became the head of the family at the father's death. It can also mean a person of special importance.

[242] 48:15 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[243] 49:10 before the real king comes Or, "until Shiloh comes," "until the man it belongs to comes," or "until his tribute comes."

[244] 49:12 Or, "<10>The ruler's scepter will not pass from between Judah's feet before he gets what is his, that is, the people's obedience. <11>His young donkey will be tied to the very best grapevines. He will wash his finest clothes in wine, the blood of grapes. <12>His eyes will be redder than wine, his teeth whiter than milk."

[245] 49:16 Dan This is like the Hebrew word meaning "to decide" or "to judge."

[246] 49:19 A group of robbers will attack The Hebrew words for "group of robbers" and "attack" sound like the name Gad.

[247] 49:22 Or, "Joseph is very successful. Joseph is like a vine covered with fruit, like a vine growing by a spring, like a vine growing along a fence."

[248] 49:29 ancestors Literally, "fathers," meaning a person's parents, grandparents, and all the other people that person is descended from. In the New Testament it usually refers to people who lived during Old Testament times.

[249] 50:10 Goren Atad Or, "Atad's threshing floor."

[250] 50:11 Abel Mizraim This means "Egyptian time of sadness."

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